Nature of C-X Bond [Haloalkanes & Haloarenes]

NATURE OF C-X BOND : 

•  Halogens is more electronegative than carbons. 

•  Carbon atom has partial positive charge

•  The nature of C-X bond depends on both the nature of carbon in the aromatic ring and the halogen attached. 

•  Florine has the highest electronegative element of halogens. 

•  The halogens elements(17th group) are just one electron short of completing their nearest novel gas configurations. 

•  Electronegativity increased across a period from left to right. 

    (F>Cl>Br>I) 

•  The C-X bond in haloarenes is polarised as 'X' are more electronegative than carbon. 

•  The only one sigma bond is formed between one carbon and one halogen. 

•  The atomic size has increased Florine to down the period. 

•  The C-X bond length in haloarenes increases from Florine(F) to Astetine(As) and bond dissociated strength decreases. 

•  The bond polarity will decreases down the group of period. 

( C-F > C-Cl > C-Br > C-I ) 

•  The electronegativity decreases down the group the dipole moment also decreases. 

Exception - C-Cl dipole moment is greater than C-F bond. 

Markovnikov's Rule  : 



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