Class 12 "Solutions" Chapter no. 02

Solutions - A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is known as Solution. 

Two parts of Solution that make Solutions :

1. Solute : It is present in lesser proportion and present in dissolved state. And also it loses their physical state mostly. 

2.  Solvent : It present in greater proportion in Solutions and it retain their physical state. 

Properties of Solutions : 

•  It is homogeneous mixtures. 

•  It is transparent mixture. 

•  It's particles are too tiny. 

•  It's size/diameter less than 1 nm. 

•  Particles don't scatter a beam of light passing through it and hence path of the light is not visible. 

•  It is stable.

•  The components of mixture/Solution cannot separated using filtration. 

Types of Mixtures : 

1. Homogeneous mixtures : A mixture that has it's components uniformly distributed is known s a Homogeneous mixture. 

 Example : Water and sugar, water and salt etc. 

2.  Heterogeneous mixtures : While the distribution is non-uniform the mixtures is called heterogeneous mixture. 

Example : Sand and water, Oil and water, soil and water etc. 

Types of Solutions : 

1.  Solid-Solid : solute and solvent both are solids. 

Example : Alloys like metalloids, Copper, Bronze, Jwellary's etc.

2.  Solid-Liquid :  solute is solid and solvent liquid. 

Example :  Sugar, salt, urea etc in water Solution. 

3.  Liquid-Liquid : solute & solvent both are liquids. 

Example : Alcohol in water, benzene in toluene. 

4.  Gas-Solid : solute is gas and solvent is solid. 

Example : Hydrogen absorbed in Palladium. 

5.  Gas-Liquid : solute is gas and solvent is liquid. 

Example : Aerated drinks. 

6.  Gas-Gas : solute & solvent both are gas. 

Example : Mixture of gases like air. 

•  Now we are talking about Colloids : 

7.  Solid-Gas : solute is solid and gas is solvent. 

Example : Sublimation, Iodine etc. 

8.  Liquid-Solid : solute is liquid and solvent is solid. 

Example : Murcury in amulgamated zinc etc. 

9.  Liquid-Gas :  Solute is liquid and solvent is gas. 

Example : Aerosol, water vapour in air etc. 

-These all the above solutions shown colloidal nature. 

Questions for practices : 

Q. 1 : Give the difference between homogeneous mixture & heterogeneous mixture. 

Q. 2 : Write down the properties of Solutions. 

Q. 3. Give the ten examples of solid-Liquid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid solutions. 

                          Thank You !